From Turtle Island to Gaza

With a sure voice, Groulx, an Anishnaabe writer, artistically weaves together the experiences of Indigenous peoples in settler Canada with those of the people of Palestine, revealing a shared understanding of colonial pasts and presents.illustrato

Les horizons périphériques : récit de voyage au Maroc ; suivi de L'écriture des horizons

L'objet de ce mémoire consiste en une réflexion sur les enjeux éthiques et esthétiques du récit de voyage contemporain par le biais d'un récit et d'un essai. La première partie du mémoire présente le récit d'un voyage de quatre mois effectué au Maroc en septembre deux mille huit. Témoin d'une rencontre avec l'étrange et l'étranger, il brosse sous forme de tableaux des scènes vécues par son auteur en périphérie des lieux -physiques, psychiques, symboliques -généralement connus et reconnus. Récit d'un voyageur sensible qui graduellement voit mourir ses rêves et naître un réel qui le surpasse, quête de sens autant que quête de centre, Les horizons périphériques propose un parcours narratif elliptique tout en brièveté, avec ses allées et ses retours. Il rend compte d'une expérience du monde qui est à la fois celle du saisissement et du dessaisissement. Afin de définir le récit de voyage comme pratique spatiale et textuelle, la deuxième partie du mémoire prend appui sur les théories du paysage et de la géographie humaine (Cauquelin, Scariati) de la socio-psychologie (Christin) et de la littérature (Blanchot, Collot, Michaud, Pasquali, White), et se positionne en regard de diverses postures d'écrivains (Bouvier, Kerouac, Hesse, Segalen). L'acte de voyager allie désir d'ailleurs et désir de présence, ouverture et fermeture psychologique du sujet à l'altérité, et confrontation de l'imaginaire et du réel. Son trajet ainsi que celui de la ressouvenance se définissent à la fois comme un parcours déceptif, erratique et multiple qu'il conviendrait de représenter par la forme littéraire du fragment. Cette forme permettrait d'exprimer l'horizon du monde et du sujet ouverts par le voyage grâce à ses paradoxes fondamentaux: diachronie/synchronie, continuité/rupture et composition/décomposition. À la lisière de l'objectivité et de la subjectivité, l'écriture de voyage recherche une distance adéquate par rapport à son objet, quête qui s'opère à travers le temps et à travers l'utilisation de divers matériaux d'écriture. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Récit de voyage, Exotisme, Paysage, Fragment, Écriture

Lockbolted Letters to Turbo

excerpt from Always a Broken Sleepin the days I was known as Papillo

Examination of youth tobacco cessation needs, demand and services within the City of Greater Sudbury

Tobacco use contributes to a significant amount of morbidity and mortality. Youth are interested in quitting smoking yet most often do not choose assisted cessation approaches which have been shown effective in the literature (CDC, 2006). Youth within the City of Greater Sudbury (CGS) have indicated a desire to quit smoking however anecdotal evidence has pointed to the lack of services in the area (Groulx, 2005; Sudbury & District Health Unit [SDHU], 2004a). To better understand local interest and demand for cessation services, analysis of a subset of data from the School Health Action, Planning and Evaluation System (SHAPES) Ontario (tobacco module) survey was completed. Data were derived from one secondary school in the CGS yielding 589 completed questionnaires. Analysis included frequencies, cross tabulations, and logistic regressions and focused on identification of local youths preferred cessation methods, factors most likely to impact youth success in smoking cessation, and factors influencing the students' preference to use assisted tobacco cessation methods/aids. Similar to previous studies which analyzed the provincial SHAPES dataset, most youth preferred to quit on their own. However, unlike previous literature, interest in, and factors contributing to interest in some assisted cessation methods was demonstrated. Analysis into the forces impacting the demand and provision of cessation services at the local level was also conducted. Despite the great capacity at the local level, environmental factors and provincial forces impacting the demand for cessation are evident as is the lack of youth specific cessation services. Recommendations for public health are proposed and are aimed at increasing demand for, and provision of evidence based cessation support for youth

Case 15 : Going Beyond the Wheel Chair Ramp: Public Health Sudbury & Districts’ Plan to Become Accessible to All

Following years of advocacy work, Christina Peterson, foundational standards specialist at Public Health Sudbury & Districts (PHSD) and co-chair of the Evidence-Informed Practice Working Group (EIPWG), facilitated the formation of the People with Disabilities Working Group in early 2015. People with disabilities (PWD) faced significant health inequities compared to people without disabilities. The People with Disabilities Working Group had established three long-term outcomes from their logic model: Programs and services at PHSD are fully accessible and inclusive, particularly for people with disabilities (especially for unseen disabilities). Staff at PHSD have the ability to recognize, understand, and apply attitudes and practices that are sensitive to and appropriate for people with disabilities. Staff have the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to ensure programs and services are fully accessible and inclusive for people with disabilities. Oftentimes, public health programs, services, infrastructure, and policies are not designed with people with disabilities in mind. Healthcare professionals often focus on disabilities alone, rather than the needs of the whole person. PHSD recently developed ten promising local public health practices to reduce social inequities in a health framework. The PWD working group had made some progress towards their long-term goals, such as a board-approved motion for a personcentred language statement within PHSD. However, Christina knew that there was very little done that was based on the health equity framework they had established, especially for those with unseen disabilities. There was a need to go “beyond the wheel chair ramp”. The goal of this case is for students to understand the definition of health equity and recognize its importance when planning, delivering, and evaluating public health programs, services, infrastructure, and policies within agencies. Based on a modern public health issue, students will have the opportunity to apply promising evidence-based public health practices to reduce social inequities in health and devise other programs when dealing with a marginalized population. The backdrop of the case, which depicts Christina’s fight to create change within an organization, will highlight the social-ecological model of behaviour change typically applied in health promotion strategies

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure fl ux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defi ned as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (inmost higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium ) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the fi eld understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation it is imperative to delete or knock down more than one autophagy-related gene. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways so not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field

The effect of microbial challenge on the intestinal proteome of broiler chickens

Background: In poultry production intestinal health and function is paramount to achieving efficient feed utilisation and growth. Uncovering the localised molecular mechanisms that occur during the early and important periods of growth that allow birds to grow optimally is important for this species. The exposure of young chicks to used litter from older flocks, containing mixed microbial populations, is a widely utilised model in poultry research. It rarely causes mortality but effects an immunogenic stimulation sufficient enough to cause reduced and uneven growth that is reflective of a challenging growing environment. Methods: A mixed microbial challenge was delivered as used litter containing Campylobacter jejuni and coccidial oocysts to 120 male Ross 308 broiler chicks, randomly divided into two groups: control and challenged. On day 12, 15, 18 and 22 (pre- and 3, 6 and 10 days post-addition of the used litter) the proximal jejunum was recovered from 6 replicates per group and differentially abundant proteins identified between groups and over time using 2D DiGE. Results: The abundance of cytoskeletal proteins of the chicken small intestinal proteome, particularly actin and actin associated proteins, increased over time in both challenged and control birds. Villin-1, an actin associated anti-apoptotic protein, was reduced in abundance in the challenged birds indicating that many of the changes in cytoskeletal protein abundance in the challenged birds were as a result of an increased rate of apoptosis. A number of heat shock proteins decreased in abundance over time in the intestine and this was more pronounced in the challenged birds. Conclusions: The small intestinal proteome sampled from 12 to 22 days of age showed considerable developmental change, comparable to other species indicating that many of the changes in protein abundance in the small intestine are conserved among vertebrates. Identifying and distinguishing the changes in proteins abundance and molecular pathways that occur as a result of normal growth from those that occur as a result of a challenging microbial environment is important in this major food producing animal